Lighting, Light Fixtures, Ceiling and Exhaust Fans - Installing ceiling light fixture

I have a similar problem in trying to install a simply ceiling light fixture. My box has two white wires, one red wire, and two black wires that are connected to each other. The old light fixture has the two white wires connected to each other and the one white wire from the light fixture. The red wire was connected to the black wire from the light fixture. No ground that I can see.

I followed the same wiring pattern, but when I went to turn on the power (by screwing back in the fuse), the fuse blew each time as soon as it made contact.

Does anyone know what the cause might be?

There's no way to be sure the correct way to wire it without knowing how the switch is wired.

However, most of the time, what you did would be correct. And if the old fixture worked correctly with the same connections, then it must be correct.

Most likely you just created an accidental short by sloppy work or careless repacking of the box. Double-check your work.